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Crisis de reputación en caracteres

Crisis reputacional en redes sociales

 

Juan Camilo Ponce FTI Consulting

Juan Camilo Ponce

Consultor Senior

FTI Consulting

 

 

Laura Murcia FTI Consulting

Laura Murcia

Directora

FTI Consulting

 

 

El vehículo de la información es tan crucial como el mensaje mismo. En 1963, el mismo año en que la televisión se consolidaba como un medio dominante y el asesinato de J.F. Kennedy aceleraba el ritmo del periodismo en tiempo real, el sociólogo de la comunicación Marshall McLuhan formuló esta idea.

 

Hoy, 61 años después, en la era de TikTok, X, Instagram, los influencers, el activismo digital y la cultura de la cancelación, la frase de McLuhan se mantiene más vigente que nunca.

 

La forma en que los ciudadanos consumen información obliga a las organizaciones a ser más ágiles y a comprender mejor el comportamiento de los canales digitales para contener la información imprecisa, manipulada y sensacionalista.

 

Las redes sociales no solo democratizaron el acceso a la información, sino que también empoderaron a los individuos para convertirse en generadores y amplificadores de contenido, lo cual genera una serie de riesgos adicionales, imponiendo nuevas reglas y desafíos, y conllevando a crisis multicanal o incluso a una reproducción tan rápida que genera una especie de efecto de desbordamiento, de ahí el término “policrisis”.

 

Hace dos décadas, el ciclo de noticias duraba una semana; hace cinco años, un día; hoy, en una hora, la reputación de una compañía o individuo puede verse severamente afectada con un hashtag. En este entorno hiperconectado, una crisis puede desatarse y escalar en cuestión de minutos, mientras los rumores y la desinformación se propagan como un incendio en un bosque seco.

 

Aquí es donde las reglas del juego han cambiado drásticamente. No basta con emitir un comunicado de prensa u una posición oficial; se requiere una comunicación constante, transparente y adaptada a los diversos formatos y públicos de cada plataforma. Además de la desinformación e información imprecisa, el ocultamiento de hechos cruciales, la difusión de mensajes contradictorios y la sobrecarga informativa pueden agravar una crisis.

 

La manipulación de datos, la falta de respuestas rápidas y apropiadas, y el uso de mensajes automatizados carentes de sensibilidad y empatía pueden deteriorar aún más la situación, erosionando la confianza del público. El dinamismo y la volatilidad de las redes no deben confundirse: los daños o beneficios pueden ser duraderos. Su impacto es todo menos efímero.

 

En este contexto, la preparación es determinante. Así como la anticipación de crisis reputacionales “tradicionales” requiere una aproximación sistémica, una crisis digital obliga a las empresas a entender los nuevos espacios conversacionales de manera integral e interconectada.

 

Las empresas deben tener protocolos claros y equipos entrenados para monitorear y gestionar la información en tiempo real. El uso de herramientas de análisis y seguimiento permite identificar y contrarrestar rápidamente los rumores antes de que se conviertan en verdades aceptadas, validadas y ampliamente divulgadas. La autenticidad y la coherencia en la comunicación son fundamentales para mantener la credibilidad y la confianza ante públicos ávidos de información, saturados de la misma, en un escenario digital en el que cuesta reconocer cuál es la verdad y cuál es la mentira

 

Casos recientes en Colombia y en el mundo han demostrado que una respuesta eficaz en las redes sociales puede no solo contener una crisis, sino también convertirla en una oportunidad para fortalecer la relación con el público. Por ejemplo, cuando una gran aerolínea enfrentó una crisis tras un incidente a bordo, su respuesta rápida y transparente en las redes sociales, combinada con acciones concretas, no solo mitigó el impacto negativo, sino que también reforzó su compromiso con la seguridad y la satisfacción del cliente.

 

Una estrategia de preparación bien diseñada y ejecutada puede convertir una crisis en una oportunidad para demostrar liderazgo, transparencia y compromiso con el público. El futuro de las comunicaciones de crisis en el entorno digital exige una combinación de agilidad, estrategia y autenticidad, elementos esenciales para navegar con éxito en este nuevo paisaje mediático. Pero, ante todo, insta a equiparar la importancia del canal con la del mensaje. En un mundo donde un simple tuit puede desencadenar una tormenta, entender el medio es tan vital como perfeccionar el mensaje. – @MMcLuham.

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